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Last Glacial Cycle Sea-level Imprints on the Israeli Continental Shelf

Lang G. (1), Arnon M., Bialik M. O. (1,2), Ben-Lulu Y. (1), Niyazi Y. (3), Gadol O. (4), Makovsky Y. (1)

(1) The Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Leon H.Charney School of marine sciences. University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838

(5) 2. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
3. Minderoo UWA Deep-Sea Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences and UWA Oceans Institute, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
4. CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon University, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon, Portugal

Understanding coastal response to sea-level fluctuations is increasingly critical as modern coastlines face sea-level rise, yet reconstructing these relationships from the geological record remains challenging due to limited preservation of ancient coastal geomorphologies. To address this challenge, we examined buried erosional surfaces along the Israeli continental shelf as archives of past sea-level changes during the last glacial cycle. Using a comprehensive dataset of high-resolution seismic profiles collected over three decades—including chirp, single- and multi-channel sparker data—we mapped the erosional surface (Surface A) at the base of the post-Last Glacial Maximum sequence across the entire Israeli shelf from Ashqelon to Akhziv. Surface A was primarily shaped by fluvial incision and wave abrasion during both sea-level regression and subsequent transgression. The mapped surface reveals a moderately seaward-inclined topography punctuated by 2-3 strike-parallel steps/notches between the shelf edge and present-day coastline, alongside several coast-parallel buried ridges and scattered knolls. The strike-parallel steps appear consistently along the shelf, following structural contours, while intervening surfaces remain notably flat (slope<0.5 degrees). After isostatic correction, the vertical positions of these flat surfaces correspond to prolonged eustatic sea-level standstills at 115-72 ka, 40-65 ka, and possibly 19-30 ka. We interpret these steps as remnants of eustatic stagnations during which wave abrasion carved the coastline, forming paleo-cliffs similar to present-day coastal features. Based on the width of the abrasion surfaces and standstill durations, we estimate ancient coastal retreat rates of 0.06-0.11 m/yr, comparable to modern observations. These findings enable the reconstruction of paleo-shorelines and quantification of sea-level change effects on coastal morphology throughout the last glacial cycle.

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