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An Observational Study of Munition Transport and Burial Dynamics in Marine Environments

Eliyahou D. (1), Goodman-Tchernov B.N. (1), Katz T. (2), Jaijel R.(2)

(1) The Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Leon H.Charney School of marine sciences. University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838

(2) Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Ltd., Tel-Shikmona, P.O.Box 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel

Unexploded munitions disposal is a global concern. Depositing these materials offshore, whereby retrieval is thwarted by inconvenience and complexity, has been a common practice for centuries. Although out-of-sight and out-of-mind, these unexploded munitions resting on the seabed still pose a widespread safety and environmental hazard. To better understand these hazards, this observational study investigates munition transport and burial dynamics influenced primarily by wave-induced orbital currents, particularly during winter storms. The research site is located off the coast of Rishon LeZion, Israel (Range 24). The conditions under which munitions move, their spatial limitations regarding depth and distance from shore, and influencing factors such as munition size, mass, orientation, sediment characteristics, and seabed morphology are addressed. We systematically monitor the qualitative and quantitative movements of munitions of varying sizes (small, medium, and large calibers) placed at three different depths (5, 10, and 15 meters) during storm events. By integrating in situ measurements of wave and current conditions with direct munition movement tracking, using attached accelerometers as well as documenting changes in position, orientation, and displacement, we assess the depth and hydrodynamic thresholds required for munition mobilization. Additionally, sediment transport processes are analysed to determine their role in burial and exposure of munitions. This study will provide insights into munition movement and burial processes in highly dynamic and energetic coastal areas. These will enable future development of predictive models and informed decision-making for the management and clearance of marine firing ranges and marine munition clearance in general, thereby enhancing swimmer safety and environmental protection in coastal regions globally.

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