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Temporal and Spatial dispersal of Heavy Metals inside and out of Haifa Bay

Weiss-Sarusi K. (1,2), Bookman R. (2), Silverman J. (3), Teutsch N (1,2)

(1) Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yesha'ayahu Leibowitz, Jerusalem 9692100, Israel

(2) The Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Leon H.Charney School of marine sciences. University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838

(3) Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Ltd., Tel-Shikmona, P.O.Box 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel

Haifa Bay (HB) has undergone significant changes over the last 100 years due to port development, industrialization, urbanization, and watershed adjustments, leading to increased heavy metal (HM) inputs. During wintertime, floodings in the Na’aman and Qishon streams discharge contaminated fine sediments and organic matter directly into HB. Year-round, wave action and varying current patterns resuspend and transport organic and inorganic particulates inside and out of HB. To examine effects of these processes on transport and accumulation of sediments, eight sediment traps (ST) were deployed for a two-year period throughout HB at depths of 15m and 30m and collected ca. quarterly to determine the seasonally varying spatial distribution of suspended sediments. Sedimentation rate values range between 100-180g·m-2·day-1 post-winter, following increased discharge and plume propagation from the Qishon and Na’man streams, while post-summer, sedimentation rate decreased substantially to 3-20g·m-2·day-1. Sediment accumulation was usually highest in the Carmel head and along the new plume trajectory from the Qishon after the port and breakwater expansion. September-October STs have lowest grain size distribution (GSDs) values (0.9, 8, 26µm) corresponding to almost no summer precipitation. May-June and January-February STs have significantly higher GSDs with high peaks at average values of 130 and 500µm. End-member modelling fitted five possible end-members with 95% fit. Suggested end-members include resuspended bottom sediments, terrigenous material arriving with flooding events, stream discharge and Nile sediments arriving with long-shore currents. The ST TOC is highest in September-October (1.57-3.51) and lowest in June (0.23-1.12). concentrations of HMs are below or at ERL levels (e.g., Cd 40-1600µg·kg-1, Zn 15-102mg·kg-1). Stable isotope analysis of Pb in ST samples indicated a strong anthropogenic contribution year-round with a clear indication of the major oil spill that occurred during February 2021, corresponding to high Pb concentration (50mg·kg-1). Lead pollution moves in HB but does not reach the 60m water-depth.

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